Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932

The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 was a major armed uprising in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, against the federal government of Getúlio Vargas. The revolt, which lasted from July 9 to October 2, 1932, was sparked by Vargas's centralizing policies and his failure to enact a new constitution after the 1930 Revolution that brought him to power. São Paulo, the wealthiest and most industrialized state, felt marginalized and demanded democratic constitutional rule. The rebellion involved thousands of volunteers, known as 'constitutionalists,' who fought for the restoration of constitutional order and state autonomy. Though militarily defeated, the uprising pressured Vargas to convene a Constituent Assembly, leading to the 1934 Constitution. Today, July 9 is a state holiday in São Paulo, honoring the sacrifice of those who died in the fight for democracy and the rule of law.

On July 8th and 9th, São Paulo hosts civic ceremonies, military parades, and public commemorations, especially at the Obelisk of Ibirapuera Park, which serves as the mausoleum for soldiers killed in the revolution. Schools and government buildings hold tributes, and many Paulistas fly the state flag, a black, white, and red banner symbolizing the movement. Traditional foods include 'bolinho caipira' (corn-based snacks) and 'pão de queijo,' and families often gather for barbecues. The greeting 'Viva São Paulo!' or 'Lembremos os heróis de 32' (Remember the heroes of 32) is common. Cultural events, lectures, and exhibitions highlight the revolution's history, reinforcing São Paulo's identity as a bastion of democracy and progress in Brazil.